The Mafia is an organized crime group

 Mafia

The Mafia (Italy: Mafia) is an organized crime group originating in Sicily, Italy. Since the 19th century, it has expanded its power through blackmail and violence, and as of 1992, it has 186 groups (the mafia group is called the "family") and about 4000 members. The Mafia is distinguished from Naples-based Camorra, Calabria-based Nudrangheta, and Plula-based Sacra Corona Unita in Italy, and is known as one of the four major criminal gangs. (See #Italian Organized Crime Section).

Some of the mafia immigrated to the United States from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, expanding their influence mainly in metropolitan areas ] As of 1992, there were 27 families and 2000 members throughout the United States , with Sicilian Mafia based in New York and Chicago Outfit based in Chicago. Also called fit . Many of the mafia are now declining, and only the Chicago Outfit is believed to remain in power. 

Because it is synonymous with organized crime groups, criminal organizations of other races or regions are also sometimes called "mafia" (see "Mafia" section other than # "head family"). It may also be used figuratively, such as calling an anonymous speculator in the market a "financial mafia." Also, in the mass media, an organization with limited membership, exclusive and strong cohesiveness may be described as "~ mafia" . In the military, a specific faction in military affairs is sometimes called "~ mafia". (For example, Fighter Mafia, etc.)

Origin

The origin of the mafia is a farmland manager called Gabellotto in medieval Sicily. They were armed to protect the farmland, and while exploiting the peasants, they had close ties with the landowners and other political rulers.

Nineteenth century

The integration of Sicily into the United Kingdom of Italy in 1860 was a turning point in history. Even though it is a kingdom, the contents of the human beings gathered in the administration are scattered from the right wing to the left wing, and the landowner, who is traditionally the middle road, was distrustful. In addition, Sicilian residents have a strong distrust of politics and the government itself from the memories of political oppression by foreign rulers such as French and Spanish in the Kingdom of Sicily and both Kingdoms of Sicily over the past centuries. There was a feeling, and he resisted the foreign rulers at that time through mutual aid organizations among the residents.

In an era when this region, which had been treated as a material for international political transactions for hundreds of years, was established as a unified nation, it was a turbulent turbulent complex of interests for which a solution could not be found only by the spirit of mutual aid. It was in the century. Opposition to the central government, which hastened nationalization and democratization, has intensified, and in addition to landowners and religious forces, a rising labor movement and confusion by fascists have been created, creating a ground for the mafia to make a leap forward.

20th century: prewar

The Mafia instigated the labor movement mainly in Italy and strengthened its ties to the company and politics through demonstrations.

Some of the mafia also formed and established similar criminal associations in the Americas as the number of Italian immigrants to the Americas increased. Although the economic disparity between the southern part of the peninsula and the northern part of Sicily (the so-called North-South problem) in Italian society was large, Italian agricultural products were sold to overseas markets (mainly France) due to the government's protection policy aimed at domestic stability. ) Was locked out. The suffering of peasants has become more serious and has been cornered to the point of immigrants.

Italian-Americans are a group of late immigrants who finally arrived in the United States from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, far behind the English and German immigrants who settled in the United States from the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century. there were. Being at the bottom of American society, they began to build cooperative relationships between people from their hometown. The American Mafia is said to have evolved from this form of mutual aid originally tied up among Italian immigrants.

The Mafia, which was thoroughly cracked down by the fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini  in the 1920s and 1930s, was devastated. The once declined mafia at this time will be reimported by the American Mafia used by the US government to counter the Nazi German spy work during World War II and to capture Italy. It has been rebuilt in the form and continues to the present. Vito Genovese and other Mafia are alleged to have cooperated with the Allied forces' capture of Europe.

20th century: postwar

The Mafia became known to the world for the first time after a mass arrest by the FBI when executives gathered in Apalachin, New York on November 14, 1957. 

Palermo massacre in the 1960s. June 30, 1963, en: Ciaculli massacre.

Second Mafia War in the 1980s.

In 1992, Judge Giovanni Falcone, who led the investigation into the Mafia and gained national popularity, was assassinated by a bomb set on the highway by the Mafia under the command of Salvatore Riina while driving through Palermo, Sicily. It is said that the number of violent crimes such as murder has decreased in recent years, partly because the crackdown on the Mafia has been strengthened since then.

Before dawn on January 20, 2011, the FBI conducted a mass raid on Sicilian Mafia around New York and arrested 127 members. 

In 2016, the Mafia's economic situation made it impossible to maintain the organization without building fraud, and the organization was maintained by seismic camouflage. Therefore, the word mafia is also applied to criminal groups in a sense different from the past mafia.

Mafia in Japan

Shortly after the war, Ted Ruin, a gambler in Manila in the US Philippines, and Chason Lee in Chicago (Chinese descendant of Al Capone) advanced to Tokyo under Allied occupation. Ted Ruin is said to have opened a dark gambling hall in Ginza by opening a store called "Mandarin". The Ruin faction causes crimes such as the robbery of the Imperial Hotel Diamond and eventually leaves Japan, but also donates to Elizabeth Saunders Home.

Etymology

There are various theories about the etymology of the mafia, and there is no established theory. It is said to have come from the Arabic word mafie, which means quarry, and Mā Hias, which means air force. Sicily was dominated by Muslim Arabs from the 9th to 11th centuries, and rebels and criminals often fled to the quarry. In addition, the Italian dictionary says, "From a" violent attitude "in the Sicilian dialect."

Originally, the word mafia was used in a positive sense, meaning "beauty, kindness, elegance, perfection, and an honorable man, a brave man, a bold man." Was there. The term in this sense was first used in official documents in the Inquisition in Palermo in 1656, and is used in the list of alleged heretics. The term was first used to mean secret societies and criminal organizations as it is today since the 19th century, and it was a comedy produced in 1862 that became widely known in the modern sense. It was after "I mafiusi de la Vicaria" was performed at the Santanna Theater in Palermo and became a big hit and toured all over Italy.

In 1865, it was first used in official documents submitted to the Minister of Interior by Count Filippo Guartieri, Governor of Palermo. Also, although the name Mafia is not used, the existence of an organization suggesting the Mafia was first mentioned in official documents in 1838 in a report written by Trapani City Attorney Pietro Ulrowa to the Justice Minister. It is said that there is.

On March 30, 1282, a local woman was assaulted by French soldiers on the island of Sicily under the occupation of the Kingdom of France. Residents who were angry at this killed French soldiers and voiced protests. This is what the world calls the "Sicilian Vespers Incident" (Sicilian Vespers War, 1282-1302).

The abbreviation for this slogan is "MAFIA", which is also the etymology of the mafia, but it is unnatural as Italian and is likely to have been created later.